When I was a young girl in the Fifties, we had a small
school library and I eagerly devoured everything there was to read. It ranged from children's favourite classics
to books of geography, history and so on. One book I was very fond of was about the English heroines, names that were then as familiar to us all as Britney Spears and Madonna are to today's kids. But rather a different set of role models. It contained stirring pictures of Grace
Darling who helped to rescue the survivors from the wreck of the Forfarshire, Florence Nightingale holding
aloft her lamp as she moved amongst the wounded at Scutari and Elizabeth Fry with
the prisoners of Newgate, a place she helped to reform.
This book left a deep impression on me, one of awe and
gratitude for these brave, strong minded women who defied the attitudes of their time
when women were considered as a second class race without talent, voice, or much
intelligence. Any woman who dared to
stand out and show herself to be an equal if not a superior to perceived male
intellect was deemed unfeminine, brazen, unchristian, or accused of
neglecting her family. So it took some courage
and conviction to stride out alone against the ideal of feminine sweetness,
gentleness, vapidity and colourlessness much trumpeted in Coventry Patmore's
famous poem 'The Angel in the House'.
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/novel_19c/thackeray/angel.html
Nowadays, despite a far less unbalanced attitude to women,
we no longer hold up such historical figures of women in the past as role
models. In fact, few children even know
who they are except in the vaguest manner, don't even spot their image on their
£10 and £5 banknotes. Most young people
seldom even use banknotes, do they? - but wield their piece of plastic instead. Role models now are pop stars, actors,
sporting figures perhaps. Some of these
figures are worthy, especially the latter, but many are not and simply appeal
to a youthful desire to be rich or simply to 'get on the telly.' Few girls now want to be nurses or do good
for those less fortunate than themselves.
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| Elizabeth Fry on the £5 banknote (to be replaced by Churchill) |
So I hope to write a few lines now and then to remind us
about these incredible women of the past.
Let's begin with my favourite:
Elizabeth Fry
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| Elizabeth Fry |
Elizabeth
was born Elizabeth Gurney, her father a banker in Norwich and her mother part of the Barclays
family. Her mother died when she was twelve
years old and as an older daughter, she had her hands full helping to raise the younger siblings. She enjoyed a good life when
young and admitted to loving dancing and riding in a scarlet habit! However, at the age of 18 she attended a
Quaker meeting and was deeply moved by the words of the American preacher,
William Savery. From then on she adopted
the simple, unadorned Quaker dress.
In 1813 she married Joseph Fry another banker and also a Quaker
and had eleven children by him. She managed her household duties perfectly well
but always found time to visit the poor children in the school and workhouse at
Islington.
Her real work began when she visited Newgate prison in the
company of Sir Fowell Buxton's sister. She
was horrified by the overcrowded state of the prisons, the women and children
living together in vile conditions of dirt and damp. Some of the women had not even been tried in
court but simply arrested and flung into these hell holes. Elizabeth returned the
next day with clothes and food and even stayed the night with them, inviting
other members of the public to come and see for themselves what it was like in
there. The prisoners loved her and she
gained their respect. She eventually
managed to set up schools for the children, appointing one of the inmates as a
governess. The women gained some self
respect and began to see to their washing and cleaning and made efforts to
improve themselves. No one else was
going to do it. Matrons were installed
in the prisons where before they had been overseen by men and one can only guess
what that might mean.
Edith Sitwell reminds us in her article about Elizabeth Fry in the above wartime book that a 'destitute child of nine was committed to death for stealing four
pennyworth of children's paints. Eventually,
after considerable delay, the sentence was commuted. To what? Transportation to Botany
Bay?' (English Women: Edith Sitwell)
Les Miserables was
fact not fiction. Here in Britain
and also Europe and everywhere else in so
called 'civilised' countries. Mercy was
an unknown quality.
Elizabeth's influence became
great and she was supported by Queen Victoria. Other monarchs admired her and even the Czar
of Russia was influenced by her. When he
visited the debtor's prison, three old men threw themselves at his feet and
begged for his mercy. He told them that
their considerable debts would be paid by him, an astonishing act of kindness in a harsh and stern regime. Mrs Fry
visited Copenhagen
and spoke to the monarchs there about slavery, the state of the prisons and
persecution of various religious sects and was befriended by the Kind of Prussia who came to visit the prisons himself. She founded a school for nurses that later
inspired Florence Nightingale. These were just a few of the societies,
libraries, schools and other institutions which this amazing and indefatigable womae set up.
She was said to be a warm and
wonderful person who moved all to tears when she prayed with them.
Prayer, she said, was always in her heart. 'Even in sleep I think the heart is lifted
up.' And as she lay dying of a stroke in 1845 her last words were, 'Love, all
love, my heart is filled with love for everyone.'
The seamen flew a flag at half mast for her passing, an
honour reserved for royalty. And thousands
stood in silence at her burial. A truly
noble lady.
